The potential of prokaryotic cells in the production or biotransformation of natural or xenobiotic compounds is by no means exhausted. The enormous diversity of microorganisms in the environment offers an almost unlimited gene pool for new enzymes and metabolic pathways. The discovery of new natural products continues to be of great interest for the production of pharmaceuticals, new materials, agrochemicals, and consumer products. An exciting approach to generating new products is to evolve novel metabolic pathways in a microbial cell by means of the technique of metabolic engineering. Such a “directed construction” of the living cell with novel metabolic traits results in creation of the so called “single-cell factory”. Populations of those cells cultured under specific conditions are sources of vast array of valuable products.
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